ips-aiims

Bad Posture And Treatment For It

The factors that influence bad posture:

- anatomical build,

- hereditary traits,

- external influences (a disease, habits, labor, profession, etc.).

When the body is relaxed, then it could be said to be a good posture, then a profile view of a person shows moderate neck lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, the shoulders are slightly pulled backward, the chest is out with a slight forward lean and a pelvic inclination is 600 with respect to the transverse plane - higher in women than in men.

The human posture is created based on the unconditioned and conditioned reflexes. The conditioned reflexes are developed under the influence of the external environmental factors, and a body posture has been developed differently in different people.

"Bad" posture

It is the clinical manifestation of a deviation from good posture scheme regardless if it is caused by the function or a change of the structure. Functional deviation may in time lead to a change of the structure.

The causes of bad posture may be divided into the internal and external factors.

The internal factors include:

- The condition of the skeleton, musculature and skin (skeleton build, myopathies, scars),

- neurological status (paresis or paralysis),

- sensory functions (the senses of sight, hearing, vestibular apparatus),

- psychical states (serious depressions, moronity, idiopathy),

- general health conditions (anemia, respiratory diseases, cachexia)

The external factors include:

- bad work furniture (bad school desks, office furniture, and the like),

- a bad bed (the mattresses not firm enough to support the body, and other defects),

- bad clothes (tight shoulder articles, wearing the bags under the arms),

- the process of learning the hard trade during the development of the skeleton not in condition to bear a heavy burden.

Bad posture may be developed at any age depending on conditions of the
locomotor apparatus, body loading and body position.

In bad posture, the corresponding conditioned reflexes are formed maintaining muscle tone of such kind to cause bad posture.

Good posture plays a very important role in normal function of the locomotor apparatus and internal organs, and also in esthetics. In the developing persons, good posture plays a very important role in normal and symmetrical development of the whole body.

In curing bad posture, we are primarily trying to eliminate the factors causing bad posture wherever possible, for example, surgical removal of skin scars with plastic surgery techniques, or a dioptre correction in relation to the sense of sights, etc. It is also necessary to eliminate all external factors causing bad posture.

We know that the skeleton serves just as a support, and the musculature maintains the human posture by its tonus, and strengthening of the muscles through different exercises, especially exercises for the dorsal muscles, has an important role in curing bad posture. However, it has been proved that kinesitherapy may slow progression of bad posture, but the patient can not be completely cured for the reason that due to bad posture the corresponding conditioned reflexes are formed maintaining muscle tone of such kind to causes bad posture. Some authors apply orthostatic braces to solve this problem. But such braces are just a passive support of transitory character and the pressure on the tissues is present here in the area of a hypomochlion impeding normal tissue nourishing. Other authors are trying to correct bad posture by the patient's forced posture: pulling the shoulders backward, putting the chest forward, pulling the stomach in, that is the reducing the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. The patient willfully puts a burden on several muscle groups and becomes tired relatively fast, then he/she relaxes and takes his/her bad posture as before.

In order to correct bad posture completely, if there are no structural changes, the patient should correct his/her bad posture by active muscle tone with adequate agonists and antagonists acting and the new conditioned reflexes should be formed to maintain the body in corrected posture. While doing this, no heavier burden should be put on several muscle groups that would cause fast muscle fatigue.

The bad posture treatment scheme to be applied is very simple, but it needs the education of young patients as well as their parents, who should observe the children's posture and help them to correct bad posture under the scheme. The treatment lasts as long as the learning of how to swim or drive a bicycle. This method of treatment results in complete restoration of normal posture contrary to previous treatment trying just to stop the progression of symptoms due to bad posture.

This method is useful also in adult patients suffering from a kyphosis of the thoracic spine and/or lumbar lordosis, but in these cases the correction will go up to a point of the spine structural (rigid) changes.

The method for correction of bad posture in men at different ages is as follows:

1. The patient takes a relaxed upright body position with shoulders slightly pulled backward.

2. The patient imagines a vertical plane passing through the
middle of both his shoulders (frontal plane).

3. The patient tries to put the front part of his chest in the parallel position with respect to this vertical plane, and also his shoulder blades, while his head and pelvis take the corresponding position spontaneously.

4. The patient tries to take such body position as often as possible while standing and/or sitting.

5. The patient carries out different exercises, especially exercises for strengthening of the dorsal musculature, for 10-15 min. three times a day.

The method for correction of bad posture in women at different ages is as follows:

1. The patient takes a relaxed upright body position with shoulders
slightly pulled backward.

2. The patient imagines a vertical plane passing through the
middle of both her shoulders.

3. The patient tries to lean her shoulder blades against the
imagined vertical plane, while her head and pelvis take the
corresponding position spontaneously.

4. The patient tries to take such body position as often as possible
while standing and/or sitting.

5. The patient carries out different exercises, especially exercises
for strengthening of the dorsal musculature, for 10-15 min.
three times a day.

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